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Hilary of Chichester
Hilary (c. 1110–1169) was a medieval Bishop of Chichester in England. English by birth, he studied canon law and worked in Rome as a papal clerk. During his time there, he became acquainted with a number of ecclesiastics, including the future Pope Adrian IV, and the medieval writer John of Salisbury. In England, he served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, who was the Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen of England. After Hilary's unsuccessful nomination to become Archbishop of York, Pope Eugene III compensated him by promoting him to the bishopric of Chichester in 1147.
Hilary spent many years in a struggle with Battle Abbey, attempting to assert his right as bishop to oversee the abbey. He also clashed with Thomas Becket, then chancellor to King Henry II of England, later Archbishop of Canterbury; Hilary supported King Henry II's position in the conflict with Becket. Henry appointed Hilary a sheriff, and employed him as a judge in the royal courts. The papacy also used Hilary as a judge-delegate, to hear cases referred back to England. Known for supporting his clergy and as a canon lawyer, or someone trained in ecclesiastical law, Hilary worked to have Edward the Confessor, a former English king, canonized as a saint.
==Early life==
Hilary was probably born around 1110, and was likely of low birth, but nothing is known of his ancestry. His brother was a canon of Salisbury Cathedral, and they both may have come from around Salisbury.〔Mayr-Harting "Hilary" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 Hilary served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, and as Dean of the church of Christchurch in Twynham, Hampshire,〔 probably receiving both offices through the influence of Henry of Blois.〔Mayr-Harting "Hilary of Chichester and Henry II" ''English Historical Review'' p. 209〕 Christchurch was a collegiate church of secular clergy, or clergy who were not monks,〔Knowles ''Episcopal Colleagues'' pp. 24–27〕 and Hilary was dean of the church by 1139.〔 He was educated as a canon lawyer, and was an advocate, or lawyer, in Rome in 1144.〔Greenway ''( Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 5: Chichester: Bishops )''〕〔Cosman ''Medieval Wordbook'' p. 2〕 While in Rome, he also served in the papal chancery, or writing office, in 1146.〔Duggan "From the Conquest to the Death of John" ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 86〕〔Coredon ''Dictionary'' p. 66〕 Some of his coworkers in the chancery were Robert Pullen, John of Salisbury, and Nicholas Breakspear who later became pope, as Adrian IV.〔Poole ''Domesday Book to Magna Carta'' p. 195〕
As Dean of Christchurch, Hilary restored the organization to its traditional round of religious ceremonies that had been abandoned by his predecessors, as well as securing grants of privileges and lands.〔Doubleday and Page ''(History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 2: Houses of Austin Canons: Priory of Christchurch, Twyneham )''〕 He ordered the writing of a history of the church at Christchurch, a book which still survives.〔Williams ''English and the Norman Conquest'' p. 128〕 Hilary was unsuccessful as a candidate for the archbishopric of York against Henry Murdac in 1147, but Pope Eugene III chose to compensate him by appointing him to the see of Chichester.〔Barlow ''English Church'' pp. 98–99〕 His candidacy to York had been supported by Hugh de Puiset, then treasurer of York and later Bishop of Durham, and by Robert of Ghent, who was Dean of York and Lord Chancellor of England,〔 as well as by King Stephen of England.〔 Hilary seems to have received the largest number of votes, but because the election was disputed by Murdac's supporters the result was referred to the papacy, and Eugene chose Murdac.〔 Hilary was appointed to Chichester in July 1147,〔 and he was consecrated on 3 August 1147.〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 238〕 Theobald of Bec, the Archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated him at Canterbury, with Nigel, the Bishop of Ely, Robert, the Bishop of Bath, and William de Turbeville, the Bishop of Norwich, assisting in the ceremony. For a number of years, Hilary continued to hold the deanship in plurality, which is the holding of two ecclesiastical benefices at once.〔Saltman ''Theobald'' pp. 100–102〕
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